关于定语：10大热门冷知识

句型1. S + V + 先行名词 + that/which/who （S）+ V

要点1. 该关系词代替先行词做从句的主语，不可以省略

I wasthe only person in my office who was invited. 

要点2. 先行词指人，关系词可以用who/that；先行词指物，关系词可用that/which

4.1.1.2.1. The book (that/which) I borrowed from the library was very interesting.

要点3. 先行词有以下特征情况下（人和物、有强调、最高级、序数词、不定代词），关系词只能用that。

Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.

This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.

The only thing that we could do was to wait.

句型2. S + V + 先行名词 + where/when/why + S + V

要点4. 先行词是从句介词词组的一部分；该介词词组做从句状语、分别表示时间/地点/原因，对应关系词分别为when、where、why。

4.1.2.1.1. The restaurant where we had dinner last night was really crowded.

句型3. S + V + 先行名词 + 介词 + which/whom + S + V

要点5. when、where分别可以用相应的“介词+which”替换

4.1.3.1.1. The restaurant in which we had dinner last night was really crowded.

要点6. 有些情况下先行词是从句中某个介词的宾语，此时不等同when/where

4.1.3.2.1. The company for which she works is based in New York.（这里for which：她为之工作的公司——她未必一定在该公司工作。但如换成 where，则她一定在此公司里工作。）

句型4. S + V + 先行名词 + whose + 名词 + （S） + V

要点7. 先行词是从句中某名词的定语，关系词呈现为 先行词 + whose + 名词，表示“……的……”

4.1.4.1.1. The woman whose car was stolen reported it to the police.

要点8. ”先行词+whose+名词“ =the 名词 + of + which/whom

We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I`ve just told you．

=We shall have to make a decision about Ms King，the story of whom I`ve just told you．

句型5. As + （S）V，S + V

要点9. 该从句只能在句首出现、用于对整个句子做出评注（”正如……那样“）

4.1.5.1.1. As compared with last years budget, the new budget includes more funds for education.

句型6. S + V，which （S）+ V

要点10. 该从句只能出现在句末、用于对前面整个句子或部分内容做出评注（”……，这……“）

4.1.6.1.1. She missed her train, which meant that she had to wait for the next one.

4.2. 非谓语动词定语

句型7. （S + V +） 先行名词 + v-ing/v-ed

要点11. 根据该名词和分词动作之间的主动/被动做出判断

4.2.1.1.1. The cake, baked by my grandmother, was delicious.

句型8. （S + V +） 先行名词 + to v

要点12. 不定式做定语，常常表示 ”即将/未来……的“

4.2.2.1.1. The opportunity to travel abroad was a dream come true.

要点13. 将”被动式、逻辑主语“考虑在内的情况

4.2.2.2.1. The book, about to be turned into a movie, has become very popular among readers.

4.3. 同位语从句

句型9. S + V + 抽象名词 + that/wh- S + V

要点14. 从句对名词的具体内容做出解释，多用that

4.3.1.1.1. He knows the truth that you didnt mean to offend him.

4.3.1.1.2. Her belief that everything happens for a reason comforts her.

要点15. 如名词表达”问题“、”怀疑“，也可用wh-、whether

4.3.1.2.1. They have a doubt whether the team, having lost their star player, could still win the championship.

句型10. S（=抽象名词） + V  +  that/wh- S + V + V

要点16. 主语是抽象名词，其同位语从句被谓语动词分隔开。如：News comes that...

4.3.2.1.1. News came that the company had decided to lay off a significant number of employees due to financial difficulties.

要点17. 区分定语从句的分隔现象，看从句中有无先行词的“位置”。

4.3.2.2.1. A new eight-kilometerroad is under construction that links the port area with motorway system.